Friction, Fracture, and Earthquakes
نویسندگان
چکیده
A primary goal in seismology is to identify constraints arising from the small scale physics of friction and fracture that can provide bounds on seismic hazard and ground motion at the fault scale. Here we review the multi-scale earthquake rupture problem and describe a physical model for the deformation of amorphous materials such as granular fault gouge. The model is based on Shear Transformation Zone (STZ) Theory, a microscopic model for plastic deformation. STZ Theory ties fault weakening to the evolution of an effective temperature, which quantifies configurational disorder and captures the spontaneous formation and growth of narrow shear bands in the fault gouge.
منابع مشابه
G: Fracture energy, friction and dissipation in earthquakes
Recent estimates of fracture energy G' in earthquakes show a power-law dependence with slip u which can be summarized as G' ∝ ua where a is a positive real slightly larger than one. For cracks with sliding friction, fracture energy can be equated to Gf : the post-failure integral of the dynamic weakening curve. If the dominant dissipative process in earthquakes is friction, G' and Gf should be ...
متن کاملLuminous Phenomena of Earthquakes: Observations and Theories
Over the past few years, different theories (piezoelectric, positive holes, friction-vaporization, exo-electron emission, tribo- or fracture electrification) have been presented for the interpretation of earthquake lights. Although these theories can interpret earthquake luminous, each suffer from particular problems. There are also ambiguities and questions about the location of the light, the...
متن کاملVisualizing stick–slip: experimental observations of processes governing the nucleation of frictional sliding
Understanding the dynamics of frictional motion is essential to fields ranging from nano-machines to the study of earthquakes. Frictional motion involves a huge range of time and length scales, coupling the elastic fields of two blocks under stress to the dynamics of the myriad interlocking microscopic contacts that form the interface at their plane of separation. In spite of the immense practi...
متن کاملEarthquake source characteristics from dynamic rupture with constrained stochastic fault stress
[1] One of the challenging tasks in predicting near-source ground motion for future earthquakes is to anticipate the spatiotemporal evolution of the rupture process. The final size of an event but also its temporal properties (propagation velocity, slip velocity) depend on the distribution of shear stress on the fault plane. Though these incipient stresses are not known for future earthquakes, ...
متن کاملEarthquake Source Characteristics From Dynamic Rupture 1 With Constrained Stochastic Fault Stress
One of the challenging tasks in predicting near-source ground motion for fu4 ture earthquakes is to anticipate the spatio-temporal evolution of the rupture process. 5 The final size of an event but also its temporal properties (propagation velocity, slip ve6 locity) depend on the distribution of shear stress on the fault plane. Though these in7 cipient stresses are not known for future earthqua...
متن کامل